Case.edu.au

Recently, a case has come before the Honourable Alastair Nicholson, Chief Justice of the Family Court in Australia, in the judge authorized that a 13 year-old child with a condition known as gender identity dysophoria (GID) receive treatment as part of a sex Here, sexologist and CASE faculty member, Dr Patricia Weerakoon, comments on the Alex is a classic case of “Gender Identity Dysphoria” (GID), also called • is biologically female (with the female sex chromosomes of XX and female external • takes on the gender role of a male (dresses and behaves as a boy and wishes to use the boys toilets—even in primary school); and • identifies as a male, suppressing feminine characteristics and expressing extreme distress at having female characteristics and menstruation.
GID is an acknowledged phenomenon of gender identity that often has nothing to do with psychological and social trauma. Some people exhibit a confused gender identity from a young age, without any unusual trauma in their life.
However, in some cases it would seem that this confused gender identity may be brought to the surface when a person is put under significant psycho-social trauma. Alex has a history of being treated as a boy by his father, and grieves his father’s death. After his father’s death, he was then rejected by his mother and step father. Current research is not clear on whether these traumas may trigger an existing biological predisposition to However, these traumas are not unique to Alex. Many children are treated as if they are of the opposite gender. Many children are rejected by their parents. These do not So, Alex may just be going through the ordinary turmoil of being a teenager, but compounded in his case by the trauma he has suffered. If this is the case, treatment to change gender may cause more problems than it solves, because many of the changes are This case is interesting because it involves a child – Alex is 13 years old. The court gave permission for him to undergo continuous Oestrogen and Progesterone treatment. This hormone treatment will suppress menstruation and decrease the development of female secondary sex characteristics (like breasts and body shape). This treatment is reversible.
Permission has also been given, when Alex reaches age 16 years, for further hormone treatment that continues to suppress female characteristics but also stimulates male characteristics (Testosterone). Many of these alterations (muscle changes, body hair, No judgement was given regarding gender reassignment surgery (GRS) at this point.
When he reaches age 18, he will be able, if he so chooses, to undergo this surgery. All medical management is to be done under strict and ongoing medical psychological and Given the ambiguity of Alex’s situation, the court order seems to be a reasonable interim course. It permits treatment to deal with the symptoms that are causing him immediate distress, but postpones the irreversible treatment for when he is older. If we assume that GRS should not be withheld in toto from people who have reached legal adulthood, it is entirely reasonable that Alex should at that time be permitted to make his own decision, guided by medical advice, just like any other sensible adult.
Is there anything specific that a Christian view of the world brings to the case of Alex? Is there a ‘Christian position’ on Alex’s treatment? Before trying to say anything particular about gender reassignment, we can make some general theological statements about the state of the world.
When God made humanity male and female, all the characteristics of gender were in perfect alignment. Eve would have had perfect female biology (whatever that may mean), would have known she was a female and known how to behave as a female.
Gender was “good” in the Garden, just like everything else.
However, now that sin has entered the world, this perfect alignment of gender characteristics has gone awry. Sin has both broad and specific impact on people’s lives, broad because its effects accumulate throughout history, and specific in that the sins of certain individuals (for example, an abusive father), affect the lives of certain other individuals. Some people suffer from sin’s impact more than others. This does not mean that each individual’s gender and sexuality questions are inevitably a result of their own sin, but rather they are a result of living in a sin-riddled world full of sinful individuals.
Alex has been the victim of much sin—biologically in a confused gender identity or psychologically and sociologically in his family trauma, perhaps both. Our aim should be to assist him, with caution and compassion, to become the person God intended him to be. Issues of gender are only a part of this: the broader issue of dealing with sin in Alex’s life has to be addressed by the gospel of Christ, with its forgiveness, new life and hope However, the specific issue of gender reassignment poses tricky theological questions.
I can’t pretend to solve them all here. It is worth saying, however, that I find it difficult to see any absolute theological impediment to gender reassignment. It may not be wise or godly or moral for all sorts of other reasons. Perhaps an individual is already married and has made promises to another person which override his or her desire for gender reassignment. Or perhaps the cost and complication of surgery will so disrupt a person’s life (and the corrective benefit of the surgery remains unclear) such that it would be an unwise step to take. But I am not at all sure it should be forbidden outright.
I certainly see confusion among practitioners and theorists in biology and gender studies as to the moral basis of this kind of intervention. Some who would aggressively discourage anyone who wanted to ‘correct’ their homosexual orientation are very supportive of sex-change procedures based on the will of the patient. Clearly, there are other political and moral issues involved.
While these issues are being wrestled with, the clear Christian position is to love unreservedly those who are involved, to counsel them with the wisdom of the Scriptures as we understand it, and to do everything to the glory of God. These words apply as much to the biologist, judge and social worker as they do to anyone else.

Source: http://www.case.edu.au/images/uploads/03_pdfs/weerakoon-sex-change.pdf

Microsoft word - bms v teva.doc

Neutral Citation Number: [2012] EWHC 627 (Pat) IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE CHANCERY DIVISION PATENTS COURT HIS HONOUR JUDGE BIRSS QC (Sitting as a judge of the High Court) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Between : (1) MERCK SHARP DOHME CORP. (2) BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED Claimants (1) TEVA PHARMA B.V. (2) TEVA UK LIMITED Def

comp.lancs.ac.uk

An ecologically valid study of categorisation by designers Thomas C. Ormerod, Ryan RummerLancaster University Abstract This paper reports the use of ethnographic and experimental methodologies to investigatethe conceptual representation of design expertise. An ethnographic study was firstconducted in a commercial software development group. This study yielded a wide rangeof data, from which

© 2010-2014 Pdf Medical Search