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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE S4180 SWINGING BUCKET ROTOR
In Beckman Coulter Allegra 21 Series, GS-15 Series, and Spinchron 15 Series Centrifuges
SPECIFICATIONS
Refrigerated centrifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5500 rpmNonrefrigerated centrifuge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4500 rpm Critical speed range* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 to 1300 rpmDensity rating at maximum speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 g/mLRelative Centrifugal Field† at maximum speed at rmax Refrigerated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5450 × gNonrefrigerated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3650 × g Conditions requiring speed reductions. . . . . . . . . . . . see RUN SPEEDSNumber of buckets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Nominal volume (largest tube). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 mLMaximum rotor capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 mLMaximum load allowed in each bucket at rated speed (excluding weight of bucket) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 grams Approximate acceleration time to maximum speed (rotor fully loaded, accel curve 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 sec Approximate deceleration time from maximum speed (rotor fully loaded, decel curve 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 sec Weight of fully loaded rotor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.93 kg (6.45 lb)Bucket material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . anodized aluminum * The critical speed range is the range of speeds over which the rotor shifts so as to rotate about its center of mass. Passing through the critical speed range is characterized bysome vibration.
† Relative Centrifugal Field (RCF) is the ratio of the centrifugal acceleration at a specified radius and speed (rω2) to the standard acceleration of gravity (g) according to the where r is the radius in millimeters, ω is the angular velocity in radians per second(2 π RPM /60), and g is the standard acceleration of gravity (9807 mm/s2). After DESCRIPTION
This Beckman Coulter rotor has been manufactured in an NSAI-registered ISO 9001 or 9002 facility for use with the appropriately classified Beckman Coulter centrifuge. THE ROTOR
The S4180, rated 5500 rpm (4500 rpm in the nonrefrigerated centrifuges), is a four-place swinging bucket rotor used in Beckman Coulter Allegra 21 series, GS-15 series, and Spinchron 15 series centrifuges. This rotor carries adapters that allow centrifugation of a wide range of tube and bottle sizes (from 1.5-mL reaction vials to 180-mL bottles). The S4180 rotor develops centrifugal forces that are suitable for rapidly sedimenting protein precipitates, large particles, cells, and cell debris. The rotor yoke and buckets are made of aluminum and are black-anodized for corrosion protec-tion. The buckets can be run by placing them over pivot pins on the arms of the yoke. Buckets swing out to a horizontal position during centrifugation. A tie-down screw is used to secure the rotor to the drive shaft during centrifugation. Figure 1 shows the rotor and accessories.
Figure 1. The S4180 Horizontal Rotor and Accessories The centrifuge identifies rotor speed during the run by means of a magnetic speed sensor system in the centrifuge rotor chamber and magnets imbedded in the rotor. The overspeed system ensures that the rotor does not exceed its permitted speed.
See the Warranty at the back of this manual for warranty information.
BUCKETS AND ACCESSORIES
Two types of buckets are available for the S4180 rotor: • Open-top buckets hold several sizes of labware in modular or one-piece adapters. Maximum tube length for use in these buckets is 112 mm.
• Threaded-top buckets, with screw-on transparent covers, also hold several sizes of labware in modular or one-piece adapters. Each cover requires an O-ring that seats in a groove at the top of the bucket. Covers have been tested1 to demonstrate contain-ment of microbiological aerosols under normal conditions of the associated Beckman Couter centrifuge when used and maintained as instructed. The covers will contain liquids and broken tube particles, reducing the need to clean the centrifuge chamber, and allowing you to take appropriate precautions before opening the covers in the event of tube breakage. Maximum tube length for use in these buckets is 110 mm.
A variety of tube sizes can be centrifuged in the rotor, supported in tube adapters listed in the Table below. The adapters can also serve as tube racks in the laboratory.
A 180-mL, 55 × 104-mm, polyethylene bottle (361245), with screw-on cap, can also be used in either bucket (see Figure 1). This bottle is placed directly in the bucket, without an adapter.
PREPARATION AND USE
Specific information about the S4180 horizontal rotor is given here. Use the applicable instrument instruction manual together with this manual for complete rotor and centri-fuge operation information. 1 Validation of microbiological containment was done at an independent third-party testing facility (CAMR, Porton Down, UK, or USAMRIID, Ft. Detrick, MD, U.S.A.). Improper use or maintenance may affect seal integrity and thus containment.
* Use rubber cushion, part number 361239, with modular adapters.
† These tubes cannot be spun in covered buckets with bucket covers in place because of interference between the bucket covers and the tube caps. The tubes can be run without adapters in specially designed buckets, part number 361240 (set of 4).
‡ Requires rubber cushion part number 361241.
! WARNING
Normal operation may involve the use of solutions
and test samples that are pathogenic, toxic, or
radioactive. Operator error or tube failure may
generate aerosols. Do not run toxic, pathogenic,
or other hazardous materials in this rotor unless
you take all appropriate safety precautions. Ask
your laboratory safety officer to advise you about
the level of containment required for your
application and the proper decontamination or
sterilization procedures to follow if fluids escape
from containers.
Tubes should be pretested under anticipated run conditions (using water instead of valuable samples) if operating below 4°C or above room temperature. Refer to Chemical Resistances (publication IN-175) for information on the chemical resistances of tube and adapter materials.
INSTALLING THE ROTOR YOKE
For runs at other than room temperature, refrigerate or warm the rotor beforehand for fast equilibration. ➠ NOTE Before the first use of a new rotor, lubricate the pivot
pins with Spinkote™ (306812). After the first use, apply Spinkote to the pivot pins approximately once a week and after cleaning or autoclaving.
1. Inspect the yoke and buckets for any signs of corrosion or damage; if any evidence of damage is present, do not centrifuge the rotor.
➠ NOTE Make sure that the tapered sleeve is in place at the
base of the centrifuge drive shaft (see Figure 2) before installing the rotor yoke. The yoke rests on the sleeve while spinning, and will not operate properly if the sleeve is missing.
2. Before installing the yoke in a centrifuge, lightly lubricate the drive hole with a lubri- cant such as Anti-Seize2 (see instructions under MAINTENANCE).
! CAUTION
Never drop the rotor onto the shaft. The centrifuge drive shaft can be bent if the rotor is forced sideways or dropped onto it. 3. Carefully lower the yoke straight down onto the drive shaft. See Figure 3. Be sure the yoke is properly seated on the shaft.
4. Fasten the tie-down screw (361367) clockwise onto the centrifuge drive shaft. Use the T-handle rotor wrench (361371) to tighten the tie-down screw firmly on the shaft.
2 A registered trademark of Permatex.
Tighten the tie-down screw with the T-handle wrench.
Figure 3. Installing the Rotor Yoke on the Centrifuge Drive Shaft ➠ NOTE If the rotor yoke is left in the centrifuge between
runs, before each run make sure it is properly seated on the drive shaft, and that the tie-down screw is tight.
LOADING THE BUCKETS
! WARNING
Handle body fluids with care because they can
transmit disease. No known test offers complete
assurance that they are free of micro-organisms.
Some of the most virulent—Hepatitis (B and C)
and HIV (I–V) viruses, atypical mycobacteria,
and certain systemic fungi—further emphasize
the need for aerosol protection.
Beckman Coulter supplies buckets in weight-matched sets to make balancing easier. To prevent accidental imbalance it is important to keep matched sets of buckets together. To ensure optimal performance and stability, the rotor must be loaded symmetrically. Two factors affect symmetric loading: • The buckets must be loaded symmetrically with respect to their pivotal axes.
• The rotor should be loaded symmetrically with respect to its center of rotation.
This means that for best results you should load opposing buckets with the same type of labware containing the same amounts of fluid of equal density. Additionally, opposing buckets and their contents should weigh approximately the same (within 10 grams). Do not exceed the rated maximum load for buckets (300 grams each bucket, including labware and sample).
It is not necessary to completely fill all tubes or positions in buckets; however, partially filled buckets must be balanced with respect to the bucket pivotal axis (see Figure 4). In adapters, each tube should be placed so that its weight is balanced by a tube in a diametri-cally opposite position across the pivotal axis in the same adapter. Adapters placed in opposing buckets should also be filled the same way.
The pivotal axis of a bucket can be imagined as a line extending across the bucket from one pivot pin to the other. If a bucket is loaded so that its weight is unequally distributed on either side of its pivotal axis, it may not swing to a horizontal position during a run. As a result, extra stress will be placed on the bucket and/or tubes during the run, increasing the possibility of tube breakage or rotor imbalance.
➠ NOTE Do not fill and carry adapters. Place adapters in
Figure 4. Arranging Tubes in the Rotor. All buckets must be attached to the rotor for every run, whether loaded or empty. Never run the rotor with only two positions filled. 1. Load the filled tubes into the buckets.
➠ NOTE Tubes placed in opposing buckets must be filled to
the same level with liquid of the same density. Fewer than maximum number of tubes can be centrifuged in the multi-tube adapters if they are arranged symmet-rically in the buckets (see Figure 4).
2. Place covers on buckets, if applicable. Screw covers to the right (clockwise) to tighten.
3. Attach each bucket to the yoke by aligning the grooves in the bucket sides with the pivot pins, then sliding the buckets down until the pivot pins are seated in the bucket pockets (see Figure 5).
! CAUTION
Attach all four buckets, loaded or empty, to the rotor. If only two buckets are filled, place them in opposite positions on the rotor yoke. All four positions on the rotor yoke must contain buckets during a run. Never run the rotor with only two positions filled.
4. Make sure buckets are properly seated over the pivot pins on the rotor yoke as shown in Figure 5. Seating Buckets on Yoke Pivot Pins. Buckets must be inserted at an angle, or the bucket bottom will rest on the rotor base and the pivot pins will not seat in the pin pockets. OPERATION
Refer to the instrument instruction manual for centrifuge operation.
REMOVAL AND SAMPLE RECOVERY
! CAUTION
If disassembly reveals evidence of leakage, you should assume that some fluid escaped the rotor. Apply appropriate decontamination procedures to the centrifuge and accessories. 1. Remove the buckets from the instrument.
2. Remove covers (if used) from buckets, and remove the tubes from the buckets.
➠ NOTE If glass tubes break, remove the glass very carefully
from the adapter and bucket. If all the glass particles are not contained in the bucket or adapter, be careful when examining or cleaning the centrifuge gasket and chamber as glass particles may be embedded in their surfaces.
3. If removing the rotor yoke, loosen the tie-down screw by turning it to the left (counter- ➠ NOTE When you remove the rotor yoke, make sure that the
tapered sleeve from the centrifuge drive shaft does not come out with the yoke. If the tapered sleeve is inside the yoke hole, remove it and put it back on the drive shaft (see Figure 2).
RUN SPEEDS
The centrifugal force at a given radius in a rotor is a function of speed. Comparisons of forces between different rotors are made by comparing the rotors’ relative centrifugal fields (RCF). When rotational speed is adjusted so that identical samples are subjected to the same RCF in two different rotors, the samples are subjected to the same force. The RCF at each speed is automatically calculated by the centrifuge software; if the RCF is entered, the centrifuge calculates the equivalent revolutions per minute (rpm). Do not select rotational speeds that exceed 5500 rpm for refrigerated centrifuges, or 4500 rpm for nonrefrigerated centrifuges.
Speed Derating
The maximum run speed (5500 rpm in a refrigerated centrifuge, 4500 in a nonrefrigerated centrifuge) listed in the rotor specifications is for operation when all conditions are within the standard specifications. Maximum allowable run speed for the rotor must be reduced in some circumstances.
• The rotor can process solutions at the maximum rated speed if the solution density is 1.2 g/mL or less. When centrifuging solutions of densities greater than 1.2 g/mL, the maximum run speeds must be reduced according to the following equation to protect the rotor from excessive stresses due to the added tube load: *Use 4500 for nonrefrigerated centrifuges.
• When some glass tubes are used, reduce rotor speed to prevent tube breakage. Because the strength of tubes can vary from lot to lot, and will depend on handling and usage, Beckman Coulter highly recommends that you pretest these tubes in the appropriate lab-ware in the S4180 rotor, using water samples, to determine optimal operating conditions.
➠ NOTE Scratches (even microscopic ones) significantly
CARE AND MAINTENANCE
INSPECTION
• Periodically (at least monthly) inspect the rotor, especially inside cavities, for rough spots, cracks, pitting, white powder deposits (frequently aluminum oxide), or heavy discoloration. If any of these signs are evident, do not run the rotor. Contact your Beckman Coulter representative for information about the Field Rotor Inspection Program and the rotor repair center.
• Regularly check the condition of the tie-down screw (361367); if it is worn or damaged, replace it. Regularly check the condition of the O-ring (threaded-top buckets); if it is worn or damaged, replace it.
• Check bucket covers and adapters for crazing or cracks before use. Do not centrifuge MAINTENANCE
Do not use sharp tools on the rotor, as they can scratch the anodized surface. Corrosion begins in scratches and may open fissures in the rotor with continued use. • Approximately once a week after cleaning and/or autoclaving, lubricate the rotor pins with a lubricant such as Spinkote™ (306812).
• Before using the tie-down screw, check it for damage such as distortion, splitting, or stripped threads. If damage is apparent, replace it.
Store the rotor in a dry environment (not in the instrument). Refer to Chemical Resis-tances (publication IN-175) for the chemical compatibilities of rotor and tube materials. Your Beckman Coulter representative provides contact with the Field Rotor Inspection Program and the rotor repair center.
CLEANING
Wash the rotor and rotor components immediately if salts or other corrosive materials are used or if spillage has occurred. Do not allow corrosive materials to dry on the rotor. ➠ NOTE Do not wash rotor components in a dishwasher.
Do not soak in detergent solution for long periods, such as overnight.
Rotor Components
Under normal conditions, wash the rotor frequently to prevent corrosion that can begin in scratches.
1. Use a mild detergent such as Beckman Solution 555™ (339555), diluted 10 to 1 with water, and a soft brush to wash the yoke and tie-down screw. The Rotor Cleaning Kit (339558) contains two quarts of Solution 555 and brushes that will not scratch rotor components.
3. Air-dry upside down. Do not use acetone to dry the rotor. 4. Lubricate the rotor pins with Spinkote (306812).
Before reinstalling the rotor yoke, lightly lubricate the drive hole with Anti-Seize (961660) to prevent the rotor from sticking, as follows: 2. Draw the coated swab through a paper towel to remove excess lubricant.
3. Lightly coat the inside of the drive hole with the lubricant remaining on the swab.
1. Remove the O-ring from threaded-top buckets before cleaning.
2. Wash the buckets, covers, and O-rings with a mild detergent such as Solution 555, diluted 10 to 1 with water, and a soft brush.
3. Thoroughly rinse with water and air-dry.
4. Replace the O-ring in the groove (threaded-top buckets).
Adapters
1. Disassemble modular adapters for washing by pulling them apart.
2. Use a mild detergent such as Solution 555, diluted 10 to 1 with water, and a soft brush 4. Air-dry upside down. Reassemble modular adapters.
DECONTAMINATION
If the anodized aluminum yoke and/or buckets become contaminated with radioactive material, decontaminate them using a solution that will not damage the anodized surfaces. Beckman Coulter has tested a number of solutions and found two that do not harm anodized aluminum: RadCon Surface Spray or IsoClean Solution (for soaking),3 and Radiacwash.4 While Beckman Coulter has tested these methods and found that they do not damage components, no guarantee of decontamination is expressed or implied. Consult your labo-ratory safety officer regarding the proper decontamination methods to use.
If the rotor or other components are contaminated with toxic or pathogenic materials, follow appropriate decontamination procedures as outlined by your laboratory safety officer. STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
• The rotor and all rotor components (except bucket covers) can be autoclaved at 121°C for up to an hour. Bucket covers should not be autoclaved for more than 15 minutes.
• Ethanol (70%)5 may be used on all rotor components, including those made of plastic.
While Beckman Coulter has tested these methods and found that they do not damage the rotor or components, no guarantee of sterility or disinfection is expressed or implied. When sterilization or disinfection is a concern, consult your laboratory safety officer regarding proper methods to use.
TUBE BREAKAGE
! CAUTION
To reduce the potential for corrosion, clean buckets thoroughly immediately following a tube breakage. If a glass tube breaks, remove the glass very carefully from the adapter and bucket. Imbedded glass particles that remain in the bucket or adapters can cause tube failure during subsequent runs.
3 In the United States, contact Nuclear Associates (New York); in Eastern Europe and Commonwealth States, contact Victoreen GmbH (Munich); in South Pacific, contact Gammasonics Pty. Ltd. (Australia); in Japan, contact Toyo Medic Co. Ltd. (Tokyo).
4 In the United States., contact Biodex Medical Systems (Shirley, New York); internationally, contact the U.S. office to find 5 Flammability hazard. Do not use in or near operating centrifuges.
RETURNING A ROTOR
Before returning a rotor or accessory for any reason, prior permission (a Returned Goods Authorization form) must be obtained from Beckman Coulter, Inc. This RGA form may be obtained from your local Beckman Coulter office. It should contain the following infor-mation: • history of use (approximate frequency of use), • original purchase order number, billing number, and shipping number, if possible, • name and phone number of the person to be notified upon receipt of the rotor or acces- • name and phone number of the person to be notified about repair costs, etc. To protect our personnel, it is the customer’s responsibility to ensure that the parts are free from pathogens and/or radioactivity. Sterilization and decontamination must be done before returning the parts. Smaller items (such as tubes, bottles, etc.) should be enclosed in a sealed plastic bag.
All parts must be accompanied by a note, plainly visible on the outside of the box or bag,
stating that they are safe to handle and that they are not contaminated with pathogens or
radioactivity. Failure to attach this notification will result in return or disposal of the
items without review of the reported problem.
Use the address label printed on the RGA form when mailing the rotor and/or accessories to: Beckman Coulter, Inc.
1050 Page Mill RoadPalo Alto, CA 94304 Customers located outside the United States should contact your local Beckman Coulter office.
SUPPLY LIST
➠ NOTE To obtain copies of referenced publications, contact
Beckman Coulter, Inc., Technical Publications Department, 1050 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A. (telephone 650-859-1753; fax 650-859-1375).
Contact Beckman Coulter sales (1-800-742-2345 in the United States; worldwide offices are listed on the back cover of this manual) for detailed information on ordering parts and supplies. For your convenience, a partial list is given below.
REPLACEMENT ROTOR PARTS
S4180 rotor (open buckets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361101S4180 rotor (covered buckets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361109Buckets, open-top (set of 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361244Threaded-top bucket with screw-on cover (set of 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361243Replacement cover for bucket 361243 (set of 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361242Buckets for 15-mL conical tubes (set of 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361240Tie-down screw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361367T-handle rotor wrench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361371 Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TableBottle and cap assembly, 180-mL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361245Rubber cushion for modular adapters (set of 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361239Rubber cushion for round-bottom tubes (set of 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361241Spinkote lubricant (1 oz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306812Anti-Seize (1 1/2 oz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961660Silicone vacuum grease (2 oz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335148Rotor Cleaning Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339558Rotor cleaning brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339379Beckman Solution 555 (1 qt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339555 BENCHTOP ROTOR WARRANTY
Subject to the conditions specified below and the warranty 2. This warranty is void if the rotor has been subjected to clause of the Beckman Coulter, Inc., terms and conditions in customer misuse such as operation or maintenance effect at the time of sale, Beckman Coulter agrees to correct contrary to the instructions in the Beckman Coulter rotor either by repair or, at its election, by replacement, any defects of material or workmanship which develop within seven (7)years after delivery of a benchtop centrifuge rotor to the orig- 3. This warranty is void if the rotor is operated with a rotor inal buyer by Beckman Coulter or by an authorized represen- drive unit or in a centrifuge unmatched to the rotor tative, provided that investigation and factory inspection by characteristics or operated in a Beckman Coulter centri- Beckman Coulter discloses that such defect developed under fuge that has been improperly disassembled, repaired, or normal and proper use. Should a Beckman Coulter centrifuge be damaged due to a failure of a rotor covered by thiswarranty, Beckman Coulter will supply free of charge all 4. Thermoplastic rotors or components used in some bench- centrifuge parts required for repair.
top centrifuges are warranted for one (1) year from dateof purchase.
CONDITIONS
DISCLAIMER
1. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, this IT IS EXPRESSLY AGREED THAT THE ABOVE WAR- warranty covers the rotor only and Beckman Coulter shall RANTY SHALL BE IN LIEU OF ALL WARRANTIES OF not be liable for damage to accessories or ancillary supplies including but not limited to (i) tubes, (ii) tube ABILITY AND THAT BECKMAN COULTER, INC.
caps, (iii) tube adapters, or (iv) tube contents.
SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR SPECIAL OR CON-SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHATSO-EVER ARISING OUT OF THE MANUFACTURE, USE,SALE, HANDLING, REPAIR, MAINTENANCE, OR RE-PLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT.
Beckman Coulter Worldwide Biomedical Research Division Offices
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