Microsoft word - faq_mutations.doc

Antiviral resistance
Position
Neuraminidase
(SUBTYPE) isolates
inhibitors
genicity
Ose. Zan.
Table 1: List of mutations used to compute antiviral resistance and putative human
adaptation. Ose.: Oseltamivir. Zan.: Zanamivir. Per.: Peramivir. Adam.: Adamantanes.
Hum. adapt.: Human adaptation. Ref.; bibliographic reference number. High
pathogenicity: could contribute, alone or in association with other mutations, to a higher
pathogenicity in avians and/or mammals. +++: high level of confidence; ++: medium
level of confidence; +: low level of confidence, or in correlation with other
mutations; (M): mammals only.
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Basler C.F. and Aguilar P.V. (2008) Progress in identifying virulence determinants
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gene. Virus Genes 36(3) 471-478.
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single mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 influenza A viruses
contributes to increased virulence. PLoS Pathog 3(10) 1414-1421.
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H5N1 influenza virus PB2 during replication in humans. J Virol 83(10) 5278-5281.
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H5N1 influenza viruses in a mammalian mouse model. J Virol 79(18) 12058-12064.
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subtypes. Antiviral Res. 77(2),163-166.
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with oseltamivir. J. Infect. Dis. 183, 523–531.
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zanamivir, oseltamivir, and RWJ-270201 against clinical isolates of influenza virus
and neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant variants. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45,
3403–3408.
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F.G. (2002) A release-competent influenza A virus mutant lacking the coding
capacity for the neuraminidase active site. J. Gen. Virol. 8, 2683–2692.
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resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors by an enzyme inhibition assay. Antiviral Res.
53, 47–61.
Gubareva L.V. (2004) Molecular mechanisms of influenza virus resistance to
neuraminidase inhibitors. Virus Res. 103(1-2), 199-203.
Carr J., Ives J., Kel y, L., et al. (2002) Influenza virus carrying neuraminidase with
reduced sensitivity to oseltamivir carboxylate has altered properties in vitro and is
compromised for infectivity and replicative ability in vivo. Antiviral Res. 54, 79–88.
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A/H1N1 neuraminidase active site folowing oseltamivir phosphate treatment leave
virus severely compromised both in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 55, 307–317.
Jackson D., Barclay W., Zürcher T. (2005) Characterization of recombinant
influenza B viruses with key neuraminidase inhibitor resistance mutations. J
Antimicrob Chemother
. 55(2), 162-169.
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resistant influenza viruses to novel neuraminidase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents
Chemother
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Monto A.S., McKimm-Breschkin J.L., Macken C., Hampson A.W., Hay A., Klimov
A., Tashiro M., Webster R.G., Aymard M., Hayden F.G., Zambon M. (2006)
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surveil ance during the first 3 years of their use. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.
50(7), 2395-2402.
Ilyushina N.A., Govorkova E.A., Webster R.G. (2005) Detection of amantadine-
resistant variants among avian influenza viruses isolated in North America and
Asia. Virology. 341(1), 102-106.
Abed Y., Goyette N., Boivin G. (2005) Generation and characterization of
recombinant influenza A (H1N1) viruses harboring amantadine resistance
mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 49(2), 556-559.

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