Ayout

chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:43 Page 2 PRECAUTIONS
Doxycycline can rarely cause photosensitivity in patients taking it at doses for malaria prophylaxis, however it is normal y
mild and can be minimised by using a high factor sunscreen. Doxycycline should be avoided in patients with porphyria and Mefloquine should be avoided in patients with hypersensitivity to quinine and in patients with a history of any type of
seizures or psychiatric disturbances, including depression, as wel as those with a history of cardiac conduction disorders.
For travel ers planning on SCUBA diving, mefloquine is not considered to be the drug of choice.
Chloroquine is contraindicated in patients taking amiodarone, and should be used with caution in epilepsy and
porphyria. It can cause flare-ups of psoriasis, and may interact with digoxin.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Epilepsy: Chloroquine should be used cautiously in patients with epilepsy and mefloquine is contraindicated (see
above). Some anti-epileptics may alter the metabolism of doxycycline and reduce its plasma levels, although there is no evidence to suggest increasing the dose. Please contact the NPA Information Department for advice.
Hepatic or renal impairment: Al patients with hepatic or renal impairment should be referred to their specialist, as you
wil not know the degree of their condition.
Pregnancy: Travel to malarious zones during pregnancy should be avoided. However, if travel is unavoidable, ef ective
prophylaxis should be used as malaria is more severe during pregnancy and the risk of malaria to mother and foetus is greater than the risk from the antimalarial drug at the recommended dose. You should refer al pregnant travel ers to their
doctor. Chloroquine and proguanil may be taken in their usual doses throughout pregnancy; pregnant women taking proguanil should be supplemented with 5mg of folic acid daily. Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy. Mefloquine is not licensed for use in pregnancy, but can be considered with caution fol owing expert advice if the clinical benefits are
considered to outweigh the risks. Malarone should be avoided because its safety in pregnancy has not been established.
Please contact the NPA Information Department for further information.
Breast-feeding and breast-fed infants: Prophylaxis is stil required in breast-fed infants as although antimalarials are
excreted in breast milk, the amounts are too variable to give reliable protection. Doxycycline is contraindicated, and the manufacturers of Malarone do not recommend its use whilst breastfeeding due to lack of data. Mefloquine may be suitable in some circumstances, please contact the NPA Information Department for advice.
In addition please contact the NPA Information Department for more specific guidance on the fol owing patient groups: • Those with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) • Patients who have had a splenectomy, or whose spleen does not function properly.
Key to Prophylaxis Regimens
This chart is not comprehensive – please contact the NPAInformation Department on 01727 891 800 or 0844 7364 201 Mefloquine one tablet weekly OR
for countries not listed and for itineraries of more than one Mef/Dox/
Doxycycline 100mg daily OR Malarone
country. (The NPA Information Department is for members only and these telephone numbers must not be given tomembers of the general public.) Dox or Mal Doxycycline 100mg daily OR Malarone
• Patients who are visiting a number of low risk areaswithin one country and are travelling overland between Proguanil two tablets daily PLUS
these areas, may be passing through areas of greater risk • Preferred regimens should always be taken unless there is a medical reason why this is not possible. Alternative (preferred regimen) OR Proguanil two
regimens may not provide optimal cover; please contact the NPA Information Department for advice.
• No prophylaxis regimen is 100% effective so it is important that you advise your customers to take adequate • Mefloquine, doxycycline and Malarone are prescription
only medicines and must not be sold for malaria prophylaxis
chemoprophylaxis or bite avoidancemeasures required chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:45 Page 3 Country / Region
Prophylaxis
Areas below 2000m between May – November Very low risk in the Illizi Department only, avoid mosquito bites • Rural areas along northern border in the Chacos, Corrientes, Jujuy, • All other areas, including Iguacu Falls – very low risk, avoid mosquito Southern border areas between May – October All areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • South eastern areas including Chittagong Hill Tract districts • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites All rural areas, except no risk in Belize district or Belize City • Amazon basin area in the departments of northern Beni, Pando and • Eastern inland areas of Sabah
• Inland forested areas of Sarawak
• Coastal areas of Sabah and Sarawak, and Kota Kinabalu - low risk Northern half of the country between November – June • All other areas, including Iguaçu Falls – very low risk, avoid mosquito All areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Mefloquine resistance present in western provinces Dox or Mal only
• All other areas, except no risk in Phnom Penh Small risk on the Island of Sao Tiago between August - November No risk of malaria (including Easter Island) • Yunnan and Hainan provinces (including Hainan Island) • Main tourist areas, including Hong Kong and Yangtze cruises – very low chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:47 Page 4 • Limon province, except no risk in the city of Limon (Puerto Limon) No risk of malaria (including Faroe Islands) • Esmeraldas province and the Amazon basin area • All other areas below 1500m, except no risk in Galapagos Islands, • El Faiyûm (Al Fayyûm) area between June – October (this area is • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites Santa Ana, Ahuachapán and La Unión provinces in western El Salvador Areas below 2000m, except no risk in Addis Ababa No risk of malaria (including Bora Bora Islands and Tahiti) South eastern villages between July – October • Georgetown and coastal areas - low risk, avoid mosquito bites HONG KONG (see CHINA) All areas - very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Low risk in southern states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu; southern Andhra Pradesh (including Hyderabad) • Low to no risk in the cities of Delhi and Mumbai (but not the • Low to no risk in the northern states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan (including Jaipur), Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh (including Agra).
However if patients are travelling overland between these
areas they may be passing through areas of greater risk and
require prophylaxis.
• Most other areas not listed above including Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:48 Page 5 Borneo - Indonesian • Bali, and cities on the islands of Java and Sumatra • South eastern rural areas between March – November • Northern border with Azerbaijan between May – October • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Northern rural areas between May – October All areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites (sporadic cases reported in • Main urban areas of Nairobi – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • South western areas between May – October • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites All areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Peninsular Malaysia inland forested areas, including Taman Negara • All other areas including Cameron Highlands, Kuala Lumpur and Penang – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • North of the country between July – October All areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Southern states of Oaxaca and Chiapas • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Mefloquine resistance in eastern part of Shan State Dox or Mal only
• Areas along Kavango and Kunene Rivers all year round • Northern third of the country between November – June chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:50 Page 6 Areas below 1500m including Terai districts, except no risk in Kathmandu No risk of malaria (including Saint Martin) • City of Managau - very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Low risk in Panama City and for cruises on Panama Canal • Rural areas east of the Andes and west of Amazon basin below 1500m • All other areas including the south coast and Lima – very low risk, avoid • No risk in cities and the islands of Cebu, Bohol and Catanduanes No risk of malaria (including Azores and Madeira) • South western provinces and rural areas in the west • All other areas including Jeddah, Mecca, Medina and high altitude areas of Asir province – no risk of malaria All areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Low altitude areas of Limpopo and Mpumalanga including Kruger National Park and KwaZulu-Natal as far south as Jozini • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:51 Page 7 No risk of malaria (including Balearic and Canary Islands) • All other areas, including Colombo and Kandy All areas, except no risk in the city of Paramaribo or coastal areas All areas between June – October (especially the southern border) • Near borders with Myanmar (Burma), Cambodia and Laos – mefloquine Dox or Mal only
• All other areas including Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Ko Chang and Ko Samui Islands, Kwai bridge, Pattaya and Phuket – very low risk, • Border with Syria, plain around and east of Adana between March – • All other areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites No risk in any area, including Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Sharjah, and Umm Sporadic cases in south eastern areas – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites • Amazon basin area, Angel Falls and areas south of and including • No risk in Caracas or Margarita Island • Cities, Mekong River until close to the Cambodian border and the coastal areas, from Hanoi down to Ho Chi Minh • Rural areas in the southern part of the country in the provinces of Dac Dox or Mal only
Lac, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lam Dong and Tay Ninh - mefloquine resistance All areas, except no risk in Sana’a city • Zambezi valley and Victoria Falls all year round • All other areas below 1200m between November – June • Harare and Bulawayo – very low risk, avoid mosquito bites Please remember: No prophylaxis regimen is 100% effective so it is important that you advise
your customers to take adequate measures to avoid being bitten.
chart June 2012.qxp:Layout 1 4/11/11 14:43 Page 2 PRECAUTIONS
Doxycycline can rarely cause photosensitivity in patients taking it at doses for malaria prophylaxis, however it is normal y
mild and can be minimised by using a high factor sunscreen. Doxycycline should be avoided in patients with porphyria and Mefloquine should be avoided in patients with hypersensitivity to quinine and in patients with a history of any type of
seizures or psychiatric disturbances, including depression, as wel as those with a history of cardiac conduction disorders.
For travel ers planning on SCUBA diving, mefloquine is not considered to be the drug of choice.
Chloroquine is contraindicated in patients taking amiodarone, and should be used with caution in epilepsy and
porphyria. It can cause flare-ups of psoriasis, and may interact with digoxin.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Epilepsy: Chloroquine should be used cautiously in patients with epilepsy and mefloquine is contraindicated (see
above). Some anti-epileptics may alter the metabolism of doxycycline and reduce its plasma levels, although there is no evidence to suggest increasing the dose. Please contact the NPA Information Department for advice.
Hepatic or renal impairment: Al patients with hepatic or renal impairment should be referred to their specialist, as you
wil not know the degree of their condition.
Pregnancy: Travel to malarious zones during pregnancy should be avoided. However, if travel is unavoidable, ef ective
prophylaxis should be used as malaria is more severe during pregnancy and the risk of malaria to mother and foetus is greater than the risk from the antimalarial drug at the recommended dose. You should refer al pregnant travel ers to their
doctor. Chloroquine and proguanil may be taken in their usual doses throughout pregnancy; pregnant women taking proguanil should be supplemented with 5mg of folic acid daily. Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy. Mefloquine is not licensed for use in pregnancy, but can be considered with caution fol owing expert advice if the clinical benefits are
considered to outweigh the risks. Malarone should be avoided because its safety in pregnancy has not been established.
Please contact the NPA Information Department for further information.
Breast-feeding and breast-fed infants: Prophylaxis is stil required in breast-fed infants as although antimalarials are
excreted in breast milk, the amounts are too variable to give reliable protection. Doxycycline is contraindicated, and the manufacturers of Malarone do not recommend its use whilst breastfeeding due to lack of data. Mefloquine may be suitable in some circumstances, please contact the NPA Information Department for advice.
In addition please contact the NPA Information Department for more specific guidance on the fol owing patient groups: • Those with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) • Patients who have had a splenectomy, or whose spleen does not function properly.
Key to Prophylaxis Regimens
This chart is not comprehensive – please contact the NPAInformation Department on 01727 891 800 or 0844 7364 201 Mefloquine one tablet weekly OR
for countries not listed and for itineraries of more than one Mef/Dox/
Doxycycline 100mg daily OR Malarone
country. (The NPA Information Department is for members only and these telephone numbers must not be given tomembers of the general public.) Dox or Mal Doxycycline 100mg daily OR Malarone
• Patients who are visiting a number of low risk areaswithin one country and are travelling overland between Proguanil two tablets daily PLUS
these areas, may be passing through areas of greater risk • Preferred regimens should always be taken unless there is a medical reason why this is not possible. Alternative (preferred regimen) OR Proguanil two
regimens may not provide optimal cover; please contact the NPA Information Department for advice.
• No prophylaxis regimen is 100% effective so it is important that you advise your customers to take adequate • Mefloquine, doxycycline and Malarone are prescription
only medicines and must not be sold for malaria prophylaxis
chemoprophylaxis or bite avoidancemeasures required

Source: http://www.traveldoctor.co.uk/malariachart.pdf